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📊 Examples of potential applications

  • Airborne spectrometer is used to monitor for Chlorophyll-a of Finnish lakes.

  • Ground truth measurements were also collected including: (i) water samples for laboratory analysis (e.g. Chlorophyll-a, turbidity), (ii) on-site measurements (e.g. Secchi-depth, hand-held spectrometer); and (iii) weather data (e.g. wind speed and direction, air and water surface temperature).

📏 Range of flight height and captured zone width (m)

Flight altitude: c. 1000 m.

📏 Spectral Range (nm)

Channels covered the 450–750 nm range almost continuously.

📏 Spatial Resolution (m)

4.5 m.

Tip

Benefits

  • The use of a bidirectional scattering model and atmospheric correction reduces the bias component of the measurement error.

  • Radiometer data also appear to improve the accuracy.

Note

Limitations

  • If concurrent in-situ reference data are not available, the retrieval algorithms and correction methods should be improved for reducing the bias error.

Selection of references

📚 Koponen S, Pulliainen J, Servomaa H, Zhang Y, Hallikainen M, Kallio K, Vepsäläinen J, Pyhälahti T, Hannonen T. 2001. Analysis on the feasibility of multi-source remote sensing observations for chl-a monitoring in Finnish lakes. Science of The Total Environment. 268(1):95-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00689-6.

📚 Rissmann CL, J.; Couldrey, M.; Pearson, L. 2019. Mapping of Northland’s hydric soils, wetlands, and water bodies. Invercargill, NZ: Land and Water Science. 34 p.

🔗 https://www.envirolink.govt.nz/assets/Envirolink/Reports/1955-NLRC214-Mapping-of-Northlands-hydric-soils-wetlands-and-water-bodies.pdf

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